Everything about George Holyoake totally explained
George Jacob Holyoake (
13 April 1817 -
22 January 1906),
English secularist and
co-operator, was born in
Birmingham,
England. He coined the term "
secularism" in 1846.
At an early age he became an
Owenite lecturer, and in 1841 was the last person convicted for
blasphemy in a public lecture, though this had no theological character and the incriminating words were merely a reply to a question addressed to him from the body of the meeting.
He nevertheless underwent six months imprisonment, and upon his release invented the inoffensive term secularism as descriptive of his opinions, and established the
Reasoner in their support. He was also the last person indicted for publishing an unstamped newspaper, but the prosecution was dropped upon the repeal of the tax.
His later years were chiefly devoted to the promotion of the cooperative movement among lower-class workers. He served as
President of the first day of the 1887
Co-operative Congress. He wrote the history of the
Rochdale Pioneers (1857),
The History of Co-operation in England (1875; revised ed., 1906), and
The Co-operative Movement of To-day (1891). He also published (1892) his autobiography, under the title of
Sixty Years of an Agitator's Life, and in 1905 two volumes of reminiscences,
Bygones worth Remembering. He died at
Brighton on
January 22,
1906. Holyoake's papers and publications are held at
Bishopsgate Library and the National Co-operative Archive,
Manchester.
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